Modelling study of TFA deposition and transport in Rhine River basin

This modelling study, conducted by Ramboll, assessed the fate and transport of Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA) in the freshwater aquatic environment resulting from the emission and atmospheric degradation of HFO-1234yf and subsequent atmospheric deposition in the Rhine River basin. The results demonstrate that with constant and ongoing emissions of HFO-1234yf, within a short timeframe (months) a steady state concentration of TFA is reached, which does not further increase over time. In the case study of the Rhine basin, TFA concentrations below 0.6 μg/L are predicted, based on a forecast of the emissions of HFO-1234yf in the EU. The Rhine was selected as a case study as it represents a prominent watershed in western Europe with a large population.